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Family environment and children's early mathematical ability

  family  Eco  Environment   with early childhood mathematics  
cognitive Zhang / Pang Lijuan / Ms Hui / Tao Sha / Dong Qi 
Zhang,  Education  Assistant Researcher, Institute of the Ministry of curriculum materials,; 
Pang Lijuan, Ms Hui, Beijing Normal University    Education  House,; 
Tao Sha, Dong Qi, Beijing Normal University, Cognitive Neuroscience  science  and Learning Institute. 
is a family environment including family social  economic  status, parental knowledge of child development and behavior of children, knowledge transfer and other aspects of the complex  system . Use of interviews, questionnaires,  structure  observation and other methods of family environment and individual development of early mathematical ability  relations  of the studies show that: the socio-economic family   status, mother's cognitive development of children's mathematical understanding,tory burch outlet, the mother's perception of the level of mathematical tasks, and mothers of children with mathematical knowledge transfer behavior of children's early mathematical ability was significantly related; family environment and children's early mathematical recognition known ability to multi-level relational model is reasonable and acceptable; home environment in children of various factors on the development of early mathematical ability and mode of action, the role of varying degrees, the mother of the children's mathematical knowledge transfer to their early math recognition behavior the role of capacity development to know the most direct and effective. 
home study environment / early mathematical ability / parent concept / parents transfer behavior 
   
 1 issues 
important mathematical ability as an individual cognitive ability is one of the correct understanding of the individual objective  World  must have the basic skills. It's important position in the individual development with social  Technology  to speed up the process of becoming more prominent, scientific and effective way to promote children's mathematical cognitive development by the education sector and the governments attention. 
 existing cross-cultural research  that China, Japan, Korea and other East  country  of the children's mathematical ability and level of development above the age of  Western  children, the researchers believe that this difference may be related to the macro-environment in the  number   Language  system, achievement motivation, attribution and other factors. But from the perspective of ecological systems theory, these macro-environmental factors, mainly indirectly through the micro-environment work. Especially in the early stages, children's mathematical ability has been rapid development of micro-ecological environment,mbt shoes ireland, its impact may be more direct and profound. So, the family as one of the most important micro-ecosystems, and how it affects children's early mathematical ability development? 
research shows that family environment of factors such as family socioeconomic status, parental educational expectations and the evaluation of children's cognitive level children's mathematical ability etc, there is a close relationship. One, SES and low children's early mathematical ability was significantly lagged behind the development of middle and higher SES children. Study found that low SES families may be related to the parents to provide children's mathematical activity is relatively poor access to effective early childhood education to support less relevant. Visible, SES as a background variable, its children's early mathematical cognitive development may have some effect, but this role is not a direct result, it is through the parents to provide children with effective educational support indirect effect. In summary, in the home environment of this complex system, the various factors on children's early mathematical ability and mode of action may not be unity, but with a multi-level nature. So, in this multi-layered relationship, how the role of various factors on children's early mathematical ability? Which factors most direct, effective? Clear this problem, explore various factors on children's early mathematical ability and mode of action and the role of the degree of specificity and commonality. 
view of this, this study of the family environment factors in children's early mathematical ability of the specific mode of action and role of the study, revealing the family environment on the development of children's mathematical ability and mechanism of action. This further reveals the children's early mathematical development of cognitive science and the law and thus more effectively promote their development is of great theoretical and practical value. 
2 research methods and tools 
2.1 
subjects were selected from nine kindergartens in Beijing, a random sample of 63 children 4 years of age group and their mothers were tested, including 35 boys girls 28. 
2.2 Research Methods 
2.2.1 
individual test check method used children's early mathematical ability test check the manual ability of children's early mathematical investigation individual measurements. 
2.2.2 structured parent-child interaction observed 
material: red prism, yellow cube of 10. 
Task Design: red prism, yellow cube alternately placed into the next map, then find out your child's laws, in accordance with the laws of the remaining blocks to put down, mothers can help children at any time. 
2.2.3 
interview to be seen immediately after the end of the task, the main test on the mother's understanding of the task and the interaction demonstrated in the course of some of the characteristics of the mothers semi-structured interviews. 
2.2.4 questionnaires 
our search tools to measure children's items describe in detail the language, compiled into 
2.2.5-structured interview 
structured interviews of mothers, some basic information on the family, the mother on child development issues such as understanding the concept. 
2.3 data coding and scoring the questionnaire 
In addition to his mother, each part of the coding by two coders together, where the coding inconsistencies   by mutual discussion, consensus. 
children's early mathematical ability was coded: 1 point for each item answer in mind, got it wrong note 0, coding consistency of 99%. 
parent-child interaction coding: mainly from mother to child transmission of mathematical knowledge and perspective of the development of behavioral coding system table. Flexibility from the mother's education, mother to the child's clarity of explanation, the mother of the child timeliness of response, the mother's patience level, mother to child positive feedback as well as whether the mother to keep children out of their time thinking about the dimensions of coding . Coding table constitutes a 7-point scale by the Richter, the reaction of children from a 
timely interviews with parent-child interaction: The main task of the mother's perception of the level of dimensions to encode, the mother's perception of the task is divided into four levels: 1 - showing the mother looked at the main trial has been completed  mode  the picture still does not understand the model; 4-- mother to see to understand the mode of coding consistency of 96%. 
mother interview coding: the family of the child's basic  information  and parents about child development to develop the general concept of dimensional coding system, coding consistency of 96%. 
mother questionnaire scoring: According to the mother's answer to the mother that the child can correctly complete the project in mind 1 minute,love bracelet cartier, the mother that the child can not properly complete the task and the mother can not determine whether children correctly completed projects are recorded 0 points, the data collated, as a mother of children's mathematical ability and knowledge indicators. 
2.4 
statistical processing and AMOS4.0 using SPSS 10.0 for data management, statistical processing. 
3 Results and Analysis 
In this study, to inspect the family environment on the basis of its ability and children's early mathematical relationship between the detailed analysis, and intends to establish the relationship between the two multi-level model. 
3.1 family environment and children's early mathematical relationship between the ability 
family environment is a complex system, including family income, parents' educational level, parental educational expectations of children, parents the main factors affecting child development knowledge, cognitive development of children's mathematical understanding,tory burch outlet, their own parents in mathematics activities, the perception of the level of mathematical tasks, and parents on children's mathematical knowledge transfer behavior and other variables. As the main caregivers in early childhood and education, who are mothers, and therefore this study investigated the mother's ideas, behavior and other factors and children's early mathematical ability relationship. 
3.1.1 home environment characteristics 
main variables more clearly expressed to the family environment and the relationship of early mathematical ability, this study uses factor analysis methods for the integration of the relevant variables. Such as family income generally SES, educational level of parents, represented by two indicators. Our analysis found that parents' high level of education related to the mother's educational level, represented by two variables of the factor analysis, found that characteristics of the root factors that have a greater than 1, indicating a good two factors factor in a match, we call this factor SES, specifically in Table 1. 
family environment variables in Table 1 Meta-analysis of factors explain the rate of load factor eigenvalue 
family income .822

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